Kubernetes（通常称为 K8s）是一个开源容器编排平台，可自动部署、扩展和管理容器化应用程序。它已成为容器编排的行业标准，近年来，由于它能够简化容器化应用程序的管理，其采用率猛增。
在 Linux Mint 上安装 Kubernetes 21
步骤 1。在安装 Kubernetes 之前，必须使您的系统保持最新状态。打开终端并运行以下命令：
<span class="pln">sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade</span>
第2步。安装 Docker。
要在 Linux Mint 21 上安装 Docker，您需要安装一些依赖项。运行以下命令：
<span class="pln">sudo apt install apt</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">transport</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">https ca</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">certificates curl software</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">properties</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">common</span>
接下来，将 Docker 存储库添加到您的系统：
<span class="pln">curl </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">fsSL https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg</span>
<span class="pln">echo </span><span class="str">"deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"</span> <span class="pun">|</span><span class="pln"> sudo tee </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apt</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">sources</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">list</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">d</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">docker</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">list </span><span class="pun">></span> <span class="str">/dev/</span><span class="kwd">null</span>
现在，您可以安装 Docker：
<span class="pln">sudo apt update sudo apt install docker</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ce docker</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ce</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">cli containerd</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">io</span>
启动 Docker 服务并使其在启动时启动：
<span class="pln">sudo systemctl start docker sudo systemctl enable docker</span>
您可以通过运行以下命令来验证 Docker 是否已正确安装：
<span class="pln">docker </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">version</span>
第 3 步。安装 kubeadm、kubelet 和 kubectl。
Kubeadm、kubelet 和 kubectl 是设置 Kubernetes 集群所需的基本工具。
若要添加 Kubernetes 存储库，请运行以下命令：
<span class="pln">sudo su curl </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -</span><span class="pln"> echo </span><span class="str">"deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main"</span> <span class="pun">></span> <span class="str">/etc/</span><span class="pln">apt</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">sources</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">list</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">d</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">kubernetes</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">list </span><span class="kwd">exit</span>
使用以下命令安装 Kubernetes 组件：
<span class="pln">sudo apt update sudo apt install kubeadm kubelet kubectl</span>
您可以通过检查已安装组件的版本来验证安装：
<span class="pln">kubeadm version kubelet </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">version kubectl version</span>
第 4 步。初始化 Kubernetes 主节点。
现在我们已经安装了 Docker 和必要的 Kubernetes 工具，是时候初始化 Kubernetes 主节点了。
在 Linux Mint 21 计算机上，运行以下命令以初始化 Kubernetes 主节点：
<span class="pln">sudo kubeadm init </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">pod</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">network</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">cidr</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">192.168</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0.0</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">16</span>
此命令需要一些时间才能完成，并将生成一个令牌，您需要将工作器节点加入群集。一定要记下来。
初始化后，为您的用户配置 kubectl：
<span class="pln">mkdir </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">p $HOME</span><span class="pun">/.</span><span class="pln">kube sudo cp </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">kubernetes</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">admin</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf $HOME</span><span class="pun">/.</span><span class="pln">kube</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">config sudo chown $</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">id </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">u</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln">$</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">id </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">g</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> $HOME</span><span class="pun">/.</span><span class="pln">kube</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">config</span>
要为集群启用联网，您可以使用网络插件。在此示例中，我们将使用 Calico：
<span class="pln">kubectl apply </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">f https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//docs.projectcalico.org/v3.16/manifests/calico.yaml</span>
第 5 步。将 Worker 节点加入 Kubernetes 集群。
现在，您的主节点已启动并运行，是时候向 Kubernetes 集群添加工作节点了。
在每个工作节点上，使用主节点初始化期间生成的令牌运行以下命令：
<span class="pln">sudo kubeadm </span><span class="kwd">join</span> <span class="pun"><</span><span class="pln">master</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">node</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ip</span><span class="pun">>:</span><span class="lit">6443</span> <span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">token </span><span class="str"><token></span> <span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">discovery</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">token</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ca</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">cert</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">hash sha256</span><span class="pun">:<</span><span class="pln">hash</span><span class="pun">></span>
将 、 和 替换为特定于群集的值。<master-node-ip><token><hash>
要验证工作节点是否已成功加入集群，请返回到主节点并运行：
<span class="pln">kubectl </span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pln"> nodes</span>
您应该会看到工作器节点已列出并处于“就绪”状态。
第 6 步。测试 Kubernetes 安装。
为了确保您的 Kubernetes 集群正常运行，让我们执行一些基本测试。
要部署简单的 NGINX Web 服务器 Pod，请运行：
<span class="pln">kubectl create deployment nginx </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">image</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">nginx</span>
将 NGINX Pod 公开为服务：
<span class="pln">kubectl expose deployment nginx </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">port</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">80</span> <span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">type</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="typ">NodePort</span>
您可以使用工作节点的 IP 地址和 NodePort 访问 NGINX 服务：
现在，打开 Web 浏览器并导航到 .您应该会看到 NGINX 欢迎页面。<worker-node-IP>:<NodePort>
感谢您使用本教程在 Linux Mint 系统上安装最新版本的 Kubernetes。如需更多帮助或有用信息，我们建议您查看 Kubernetes 官方网站。
