ISPConfig 是 Internet Service Provider Configuration 的首字母缩写词，是具有多服务器管理功能的多功能控制面板。它拥有用户友好的界面和开源的灵活性，使其成为初学者和经验丰富的管理员的理想选择。
在 Debian 上安装 ISPConfig 12 Bookworm
步骤 1。更新您的 Debian 12 系统，以确保您拥有最新的安全补丁和软件更新。执行以下命令：
<span class="pln">sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade</span>
第2步。设置主机名。
现在确保设置了主机名：
<span class="pln">sudo hostnamectl </span><span class="kwd">set</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">hostname ispconfig</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">idroot</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">us</span>
在继续之前，我们将检查主机名是否正确：
<span class="pln">hostname </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">f</span>
输出：
<span class="pln">root@idroot</span><span class="pun">:~</span><span class="pln">$ hostname </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">f</span>
在继续之前，我们将检查主机名是否正确：
<span class="pln">hostname </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">f</span>
输出：
<span class="pln">root@idroot</span><span class="pun">:~</span><span class="pln">$ hostname </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">f idroot</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">example</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span>
第 3 步。安装必要的依赖项。
现在更新 Debian 12 软件库以包含非自由软件包：
<span class="pln">sudo tee </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apt</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">sources</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">list</span><span class="pun"><<</span><span class="pln">EOF deb http</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//deb.<a href="https://www.edge66.com/edgetag/debian" title="查看更多关于debian的文章" target="_blank">debian</a>.org/<a href="https://www.edge66.com/edgetag/debian" title="查看更多关于debian的文章" target="_blank">debian</a> bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware</span><span class="pln"> deb http</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//deb.<a href="https://www.edge66.com/edgetag/debian" title="查看更多关于debian的文章" target="_blank">debian</a>.org/<a href="https://www.edge66.com/edgetag/debian" title="查看更多关于debian的文章" target="_blank">debian</a> bookworm-updates main non-free contrib non-free-firmware</span><span class="pln"> deb http</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//security.<a href="https://www.edge66.com/edgetag/debian" title="查看更多关于debian的文章" target="_blank">debian</a>.org/<a href="https://www.edge66.com/edgetag/debian" title="查看更多关于debian的文章" target="_blank">debian</a>-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware</span><span class="pln"> EOF</span>
目前，ISPConfig 与 Debian 12 不兼容。因此，我们将对我们的安装程序进行调整，使我们的安装程序能够使用 Debian 11 软件包：/etc/os-release
<span class="pln">sudo sed </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i </span><span class="str">'s/12/11/g'</span> <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">os</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">release</span>
源文件：
<span class="pln">source </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">os</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">release</span>
请记住在安装完成后还原更改。
第 4 步。在 Debian 上安装 ISPConfig 12.
官方 ISPConfig 脚本安装程序简化了安装过程，并确保与最新功能和安全更新兼容。使用以下命令从 ISPConfig 官方网站获取脚本：
<span class="pln">wget </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">O </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//get.ispconfig.org | sudo sh -s -- --help</span>
输出：
<span class="typ">ISPConfig</span> <span class="lit">3</span> <span class="typ">Autoinstaller</span>
<span class="pun">**********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************</span>
<span class="typ">Usage</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> ispc3</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ai</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sh </span><span class="pun">[<</span><span class="pln">argument</span><span class="pun">>]</span> <span class="pun">[...]</span>
<span class="typ">This</span><span class="pln"> script automatically installs all needed packages </span><span class="kwd">for</span><span class="pln"> an </span><span class="typ">ISPConfig</span> <span class="lit">3</span><span class="pln"> setup </span><span class="kwd">using</span><span class="pln"> the guidelines </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> the </span><span class="str">"Perfect Server Setup"</span><span class="pln"> howtos on www</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">howtoforge</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">.</span>
<span class="typ">Possible</span><span class="pln"> arguments are</span><span class="pun">:</span>
<span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">help </span><span class="typ">Show</span> <span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pln"> help page
</span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">debug </span><span class="typ">Enable</span><span class="pln"> verbose logging </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">logs each command </span><span class="kwd">with</span><span class="pln"> the </span><span class="kwd">exit</span><span class="pln"> code</span><span class="pun">)</span>
<span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">channel </span><span class="typ">Choose</span><span class="pln"> the channel to </span><span class="kwd">use</span> <span class="kwd">for</span> <span class="typ">ISPConfig</span><span class="pun">.</span> <span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">channel</span><span class="pun">=<</span><span class="pln">stable</span><span class="pun">|</span><span class="pln">dev</span><span class="pun">></span>
<span class="str">"stable"</span> <span class="kwd">is</span><span class="pln"> the latest </span><span class="typ">ISPConfig</span><span class="pln"> release available on www</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">ispconfig</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">org
</span><span class="str">"dev"</span> <span class="kwd">is</span><span class="pln"> the latest dev</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">branch </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> the </span><span class="typ">ISPConfig</span><span class="pln"> git repository</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//git.ispconfig.org/ispconfig/ispconfig3/tree/develop</span>
<span class="pun">-></span> <span class="typ">The</span><span class="pln"> dev channel might contain bugs </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> less</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">tested features </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> should only be used </span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pln"> production </span><span class="kwd">by</span><span class="pln"> very experienced users</span><span class="pun">.</span>
<span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">lang </span><span class="typ">Use</span><span class="pln"> language </span><span class="kwd">for</span> <span class="typ">ISPConfig</span><span class="pln"> installation</span><span class="pun">.</span> <span class="typ">Specify</span> <span class="kwd">with</span> <span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">lang</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">en</span><span class="pun">|</span><span class="pln">de </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">only en </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">English</span><span class="pun">)</span> <span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> de </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">German</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> supported currently</span><span class="pun">).</span>
<span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">interactive </span><span class="typ">Don</span><span class="str">'t install ISPConfig in non-interactive mode. This is needed if you want to use expert mode, e. g. to install a slave server that shall be integrated into an existing
multiserver setup.
--use-nginx Use nginx webserver instead of apache2
--use-amavis Use amavis instead of rspamd for mail filtering
--use-unbound Use unbound instead of bind9 for local resolving. Only allowed if --no-dns is set.
--use-php Use specific PHP versions, comma separated, instead of installing multiple PHP, e.g. --use-php=7.4,8.0 (5.6, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0 and 8.1 available).
--use-php=system disables the sury repository and just installs the system'</span><span class="pln">s </span><span class="kwd">default</span><span class="pln"> PHP version</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">
ommiting the argument </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">use</span><span class="pln"> all versions</span><span class="pun">)</span>
<span class="pun">--</span><span class="kwd">use</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ftp</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ports </span><span class="typ">This</span><span class="pln"> option sets the passive port range </span><span class="kwd">for</span><span class="pln"> pure</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ftpd</span><span class="pun">.</span> <span class="typ">You</span><span class="pln"> have to specify the port range separated </span><span class="kwd">by</span><span class="pln"> hyphen</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> e</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln"> g</span><span class="pun">.</span> <span class="pun">--</span><span class="kwd">use</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ftp</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ports</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">40110</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">40210.</span>
<span class="typ">If</span> <span class="kwd">not</span><span class="pln"> provided the passive port range will </span><span class="kwd">not</span><span class="pln"> be configured</span><span class="pun">.</span>
<span class="pun">--</span><span class="kwd">use</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">certbot </span><span class="typ">Use</span> <span class="typ">Certbot</span><span class="pln"> instead </span><span class="kwd">of</span><span class="pln"> acme</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sh </span><span class="kwd">for</span><span class="pln"> issuing </span><span class="typ">Let</span><span class="str">'s Encrypt certificates. Not adviced unless you are migrating from a old server that uses Certbot.
--no-web Do not use ISPConfig on this server to manage webserver setting and don'</span><span class="pln">t install nginx</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache </span><span class="kwd">or</span><span class="pln"> pureftpd</span><span class="pun">.</span> <span class="typ">This</span><span class="pln"> will also prevent installing an </span><span class="typ">ISPConfig</span><span class="pln"> UI </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> implies
</span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="kwd">no</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">roundcube </span><span class="kwd">as</span><span class="pln"> well </span><span class="kwd">as</span> <span class="pun">--</span><span class="kwd">no</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">pma
</span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="kwd">no</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">mail </span><span class="typ">Do</span> <span class="kwd">not</span> <span class="kwd">use</span> <span class="typ">ISPConfig</span><span class="pln"> on </span><span class="kwd">this</span><span class="pln"> server to manage mailserver settings</span><span class="pun">.</span> <span class="typ">This</span><span class="pln"> will install postfix </span><span class="kwd">for</span><span class="pln"> sending system mails</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> but </span><span class="kwd">not</span><span class="pln"> dovecot </span><span class="kwd">and</span> <span class="kwd">not</span><span class="pln"> configure any settings </span><span class="kwd">for</span>
<span class="typ">ISPConfig</span><span class="pln"> mail</span><span class="pun">.</span> <span class="typ">It</span><span class="pln"> implies </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="kwd">no</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">mailman</span><span class="pun">.</span>
<span class="pun">......</span>
执行安装程序时，多个配置选项将变为可用。在这种情况下，我们将选择 Apache、PHP 8、MariaDB、Postfix、Dovecot、Rspamd、BIND、Jailkit、Roundcube、PHPMyAdmin、Mailman、Webalizer、AWStats 和 GoAccess。
<span class="pln">wget </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">O </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//get.ispconfig.org | sudo sh -s -- --use-php=8.0 --use-ftp-ports=40110-40210 --lang=en --unattended-upgrades</span>
输出：
<span class="pln">WARNING</span><span class="pun">!</span> <span class="typ">This</span><span class="pln"> script will reconfigure your complete server</span><span class="pun">!</span> <span class="typ">It</span><span class="pln"> should be run on a freshly installed server </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> all current configuration that you have </span><span class="kwd">done</span><span class="pln"> will most likely be lost</span><span class="pun">!</span> <span class="typ">Type</span> <span class="str">'yes'</span> <span class="kwd">if</span><span class="pln"> you really want to </span><span class="kwd">continue</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> yes</span>
请记住在安装完成后修改以下文件：
<span class="pln">sudo sed </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i </span><span class="str">'s/11/12/g'</span> <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">os</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">release</span>
第 5 步。配置防火墙。
在 Debian 上为 ISPConfig 配置防火墙对于确保只打开必要的端口、增强服务器的安全性至关重要。ISPConfig 使用端口 8080 作为其 Web 界面。允许此端口上的流量：
<span class="pln">sudo ufw allow </span><span class="lit">8080</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">tcp</span>
启用 UFW 以应用更改：
<span class="pln">sudo ufw enable</span>
验证 UFW 现在是否处于活动状态并正确配置：
<span class="pln">sudo ufw status</span>
第 6 步。访问 ISPConfig Web 界面。
访问 ISPConfig Web 界面，网址为 。您将被重定向到 ISPConfig 登录页面：https://ispconfig.idroot.us:8080
感谢您使用本教程在 Debian 12 Bookworm 上安装最新版本的 ISPConfig。如需更多帮助或有用信息，我们建议您查看 ISPConfig 官方网站。
