Cacti 是一款基于 Web 的网络监控和绘图工具，旨在利用简单网络管理协议 （SNMP） 的强大功能，创建网络性能数据的富有洞察力的图形表示。使用 Cacti，您可以可视化和分析网络流量、服务器性能以及对于维护稳定高效的 IT 基础架构至关重要的各种其他指标。
在 Debian 12 书虫上安装 Cacti
第 1 步。在我们安装任何软件之前，通过在终端中运行以下命令来确保您的系统是最新的非常重要：apt
<span class="pln">sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade</span>
此命令更新软件包列表并将已安装的软件包升级到最新版本。
第 2 步。安装必要的依赖项。
让我们从安装 Cacti 所需的基本软件包开始：
<span class="pln">sudo apt install apache2 mariadb</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">server php php</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">mysql php</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">snmp php</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">gd php</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ldap php</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">net</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">socket php</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">xml php</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">zip php</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">mbstring snmp snmpd rrdtool</span>
访问 Cacti 网站下载最新版本：
<span class="pln">wget https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//files.cacti.net/cacti/linux/cacti-latest.tar.gz</span>
提取下载的仙人掌存档：
<span class="pln">tar </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">xzvf cacti</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">latest</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tar</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gz</span>
将解压缩的 Cacti 文件移动到 Web 服务器的文档根目录：
<span class="pln">sudo mv cacti</span><span class="pun">-*</span><span class="str">/ /</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">html</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">cacti</span>
第 4 步。为 Cacti 配置 MySQL 数据库。
以根用户身份登录 MySQL 服务器：
<span class="pln">sudo mysql </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">u root </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">p</span>
执行以下 SQL 命令以创建数据库、用户并为 Cacti 授予权限：
<span class="pln">CREATE DATABASE cacti</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cacti</span><span class="pun">.*</span><span class="pln"> TO </span><span class="str">'cactiuser'</span><span class="pun">@</span><span class="str">'localhost'</span><span class="pln"> IDENTIFIED BY </span><span class="str">'your_strong_password'</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> FLUSH PRIVILEGES</span><span class="pun">;</span> <span class="kwd">exit</span><span class="pun">;</span>
为确保正确收集数据，请导入 Cacti 的默认数据模板：
<span class="pln">mysql </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">u cactiuser </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">p cacti </span><span class="pun"><</span> <span class="str">/var/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">html</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">cacti</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">cacti</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">sql</span>
配置仙人掌数据库设置：
<span class="pln">sudo nano </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">html</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">cacti</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">include</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">config</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php</span>
修改以下行以匹配您的设置：
<span class="pln">$database_type </span><span class="pun">=</span> <span class="str">"mysql"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> $database_default </span><span class="pun">=</span> <span class="str">"cacti"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> $database_hostname </span><span class="pun">=</span> <span class="str">"localhost"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> $database_username </span><span class="pun">=</span> <span class="str">"cactiuser"</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln"> $database_password </span><span class="pun">=</span> <span class="str">"your_strong_password"</span><span class="pun">;</span>
第5步。将 Web 服务器配置为为仙人掌提供服务。
为 Cacti 创建一个虚拟主机配置文件：
<span class="pln">sudo nano </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache2</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">sites</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">available</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">cacti</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>
添加以下内容，并根据需要调整值：
<span class="tag"><VirtualHost</span><span class="pln"> *:80</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">
ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/cacti
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</span><span class="tag"><Directory</span> <span class="pun">/</span><span class="atn">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="atn">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="atn">html</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="atn">cacti</span><span class="tag">/></span><span class="pln">
Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</span><span class="tag"></Directory></span>
<span class="tag"></VirtualHost></span>
启用虚拟主机和 Apache 模块：
<span class="pln">sudo a2ensite cacti</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf sudo a2enmod rewrite sudo systemctl restart apache2</span>
第 6 步。设置 cron 作业。
通过编辑 crontab 来创建轮询器 cron 作业：
<span class="pln">sudo crontab </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">e</span>
添加以下行：
<span class="pun">*</span><span class="str">/5 * * * * /</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bin</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">php </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">html</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">cacti</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">poller</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">php </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">force</span>
This schedules the poller to run every 5 minutes.
这会将轮询器安排为每 5 分钟运行一次。
步骤 7.访问仙人掌网页界面。
打开 Web 浏览器并导航到 http：//localhost/cacti。您应该会看到仙人掌登录页面。使用默认凭据：
- 用户名：管理员
- 密码：管理员
登录后，系统将提示您更改默认密码。按照说明设置安全密码。接下来，配置您的 Cacti 用户帐户、电子邮件设置和时区首选项。
感谢您使用本教程在 Debian 12 书虫上安装最新版本的 Cacti 监控。如需其他帮助或有用信息，我们建议您查看仙人掌官方网站。
