如何在 Debian 12 上安装 Squid 代理服务器

Squid 是一个开源代理服务器和 Web 缓存守护程序，可拦截和缓存 HTTP、HTTPS、FTP 和其他协议，以提高 Web 性能、减少带宽消耗并增强安全性。

在 Debian 12 书虫上安装 Squid 代理服务器

第 1 步。在我们安装任何软件之前，通过在终端中运行以下命令来确保您的系统是最新的非常重要：apt

<span class="pln">sudo apt update</span>

此命令将刷新存储库，允许您安装最新版本的软件包。

第 2 步。在 Debian 12 上安装 Squid 代理服务器。

在我们继续之前，检查 Squid 软件包在 Debian 12 仓库中是否可用是至关重要的：

<span class="pln">sudo apt search squid</span>

您应该会看到列出的 Squid 包。如果不是，请确保您的存储库配置正确。

现在我们已经确认了 Squid 的可用性，让我们安装它：

<span class="pln">sudo apt install squid</span>

要确保 Squid 在启动时自动启动并立即启动它，请使用以下命令：

<span class="pln">sudo systemctl enable squid
sudo systemctl start squid</span>

第 3 步。配置鱿鱼代理服务器。

Squid 的主配置文件是。此文件是定义 Squid 行为方式的位置。了解其结构至关重要：/etc/squid/squid.conf

<span class="pln">sudo nano </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">squid</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">squid</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>

访问控制规则确定谁可以访问您的代理服务器。例：

<span class="pln">acl localnet src </span><span class="lit">192.168</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0.0</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">24</span><span class="pln">
http_access allow localnet</span>

缓存设置会影响 Squid 存储和检索缓存内容的方式。根据您的需要调整这些内容：

<span class="pln">cache_dir ufs </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">spool</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">squid </span><span class="lit">100</span> <span class="lit">16</span> <span class="lit">256</span>

您可以自定义错误页面以获得更好的用户体验：

<span class="pln">error_directory </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">share</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">squid</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">errors</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">en</span>

添加身份验证可增强安全性和控制力：

<span class="pln">auth_param basic program </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">squid</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">basic_ncsa_auth </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">squid</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">passwd
auth_param basic children </span><span class="lit">5</span><span class="pln">
auth_param basic realm </span><span class="typ">Squid</span> <span class="typ">Proxy</span> <span class="typ">Server</span><span class="pln">
auth_param basic credentialsttl </span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pln"> hours
auth_param basic casesensitive off

acl auth_users proxy_auth REQUIRED
http_access allow auth_users</span>

配置 Squid 后，重新启动服务：

<span class="pln">sudo systemctl restart squid</span>

鱿鱼日志提供了有价值的见解。检查它们：

<span class="pln">tail </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">f </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">log</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">squid</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">access</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">log
tail </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">f </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">log</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">squid</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">cache</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">log</span>

第 4 步。为 Squid 代理服务器配置客户端。

我们将通过配置 Web 浏览器来测试 Squid 代理服务器以使用它。打开您的网络浏览器并转到网络设置。在 Firefox 中，这可以通过转到来完成。Preferences -> Network Settings

在“网络设置”窗口中，选择“手动代理配置”选项，然后输入 Squid 代理服务器的 IP 地址和之前配置的端口号（在我们的示例中为 8080）。

如何在 Debian 12 上安装 Squid 代理服务器