OpenSCAP 是一种开源安全合规性解决方案,可帮助管理员评估其系统的安全状况并确保符合行业标准。它为自动漏洞扫描、配置管理和策略合规性提供了一个框架。使用 OpenSCAP,您可以识别安全漏洞、配置错误和其他问题,并采取适当的补救措施。
在 Fedora 38 上安装 OpenSCAP
第 1 步。在我们可以在 Fedora 38 上安装 OpenSCAP 之前,重要的是要确保我们的系统是最新的软件包。这将确保我们可以访问最新功能和错误修复,并且我们可以毫无问题地安装 OpenSCAP:
<span class="pln">sudo dnf update sudo dnf install dnf</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">plugins</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">core</span>
第 2 步。在 Fedora 38 上安装 OpenSCAP。
默认情况下,OpenSCAP 在 Fedora 基础存储库中可用。现在使用以下命令将最新版本的 OpenSCAP 安装到您的 Ubuntu 系统:
<span class="pln">sudo dnf install scap</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">security</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">guide openscap</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">scanner</span>
通过运行以下命令确认 OpenSCAP 的成功安装:
<span class="pln">oscap </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">version</span>
如果安装成功,您将在终端中看到 OpenSCAP 的版本号。
第 3 步。配置 OpenSCAP 以供首次使用。
通过执行以下命令配置 OpenSCAP:
<span class="pln">sudo oscap xccdf </span><span class="kwd">eval</span> <span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">profile xccdf_org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">ssgproject</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">content_profile_standard </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">results scan</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">results</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">xml </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">report report</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">html </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">share</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">xml</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">scap</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ssg</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">content</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ssg</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">fedora38</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">xccdf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">xml</span>
此命令将 OpenSCAP 设置为使用标准配置文件,并将扫描结果保存在文件中。它还会生成一个名为 的 HTML 格式的报告。scan-results.xml
report.html
第 4 步。探索 OpenSCAP 命令行示例。
现在你已经在 Fedora 38 系统上安装了 OpenSCAP,让我们探索一些命令行示例来演示它的功能:
- 扫描系统中的漏洞:
要使用 OpenSCAP 扫描系统中的漏洞,请运行以下命令:
<span class="pln">sudo oscap xccdf </span><span class="kwd">eval</span> <span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">profile xccdf_org</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">ssgproject</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">content_profile_standard </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">results scan</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">results</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">xml </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">share</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">xml</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">scap</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ssg</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">content</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ssg</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">fedora38</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">xccdf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">xml</span>
此命令使用标准配置文件执行漏洞扫描,并将结果保存在文件中。scan-results.xml
- 生成合规性报告:
OpenSCAP 允许您生成详细的合规性报告。使用以下命令生成 HTML 格式的报告:
<span class="pln">sudo oscap xccdf generate report scan</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">results</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">xml </span><span class="pun">></span><span class="pln"> compliance</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">report</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">html</span>
此命令根据文件中存储的扫描结果生成 HTML 格式的合规性报告。scan-results.xml
- 自定义 OpenSCAP 扫描:
OpenSCAP 提供了根据您的特定要求自定义扫描的灵活性。您可以使用 和 选项修改配置文件或包含其他规则。例如:--profile
--rules
<span class="pln">sudo oscap xccdf </span><span class="kwd">eval</span> <span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">profile my_custom_profile </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">results scan</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">results</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">xml </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">rules my_custom_rules</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">xml </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">share</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">xml</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">scap</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ssg</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">content</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ssg</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">fedora38</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">xccdf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">xml</span>
此命令使用自定义配置文件 () 和自定义规则 () 执行扫描。my_custom_profile
my_custom_rules.xml
- 计划自动扫描:
要安排重复的 OpenSCAP 扫描以进行持续的系统监控,您可以使用 cron 或其他调度工具。创建一个包含所需 OpenSCAP 命令的 shell 脚本,并使用 cron 按指定的时间间隔安排其执行。
第5步。最佳实践和提示。
要充分利用 Fedora 38 上的 OpenSCAP,请考虑以下最佳实践和提示:
- 使 OpenSCAP 及其相关内容保持最新,以确保准确的漏洞评估和合规性检查。
- 定期查看和分析 OpenSCAP 报告,以识别和修复安全漏洞和配置问题。
- 根据组织的安全要求和行业法规自定义 OpenSCAP 扫描。
- 熟悉 OpenSCAP 文档、社区论坛和其他资源,以获取更多指导和支持。
感谢您使用本教程在您的 Fedora 38 系统上安装 OpenSCAP。有关其他帮助或有用信息,我们建议您查看OpenSCAP官方网站。