视频和多媒体处理已成为现代应用程序和平台的重要组成部分。FFmpeg 是一款功能强大的开源软件，使用户能够轻松操作、转换和流式传输音频和视频文件。
在 Debian 12 书虫上安装 FFmpeg
第 1 步。在我们安装任何软件之前，通过在终端中运行以下命令来确保您的系统是最新的非常重要：apt
<span class="pln">sudo apt update sudo apt install apt</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">transport</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">https lsb</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">release ca</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">certificates build</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">essential git wget</span>
此命令将刷新存储库，允许您安装最新版本的软件包。
现在您的系统已准备就绪，让我们继续安装过程。有两种主要方法：通过包管理器安装 FFmpeg 或从源代码编译它。
- 方法 1：通过包管理器安装 FFmpeg。
FFmpeg 在默认的 Debian 仓库中不可用。要访问它，请通过编辑源列表文件来启用非自由存储库：
<span class="pln">sudo nano </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apt</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">sources</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">list</span>
将以下行添加到文件中：
<span class="pln">deb http</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free</span>
更新软件包列表以包含新添加的存储库，并通过运行以下命令安装 FFmpeg：
<span class="pln">sudo apt update sudo apt install ffmpeg</span>
- 方法 2：从源代码编译 FFmpeg。
要从源代码编译 FFmpeg，您需要安装其他构建工具。执行以下命令：
<span class="pln">sudo apt install build</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">essential nasm yasm libx264</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">dev libx265</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">dev libvpx</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">dev libfdk</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">aac</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">dev libmp3lame</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">dev libopus</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">dev</span>
N接下来，为 FFmpeg 创建一个目录并导航到它。然后，从官方网站或通过 Git 下载 FFmpeg 源代码：
<span class="pln">mkdir </span><span class="pun">~/</span><span class="pln">ffmpeg cd </span><span class="pun">~/</span><span class="pln">ffmpeg wget https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-x.x.x.tar.gz # Replace x.x.x with the desired version</span><span class="pln"> tar xzf ffmpeg</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tar</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gz</span>
之后，解压缩 FFmpeg 目录并配置安装选项：
<span class="pln">cd ffmpeg</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">x</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">x </span><span class="pun">./</span><span class="pln">configure </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">enable</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">gpl </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">enable</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">libx264 </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">enable</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">libx265 </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">enable</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">libvpx </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">enable</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">libfdk</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">aac </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">enable</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">libmp3lame </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">enable</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">libopus</span>
配置完成后，开始编译过程：
<span class="pln">make </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">j$</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">nproc</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> sudo make install</span>
安装 FFmpeg 后，必须验证安装是否成功。执行以下检查：
<span class="pln">ffmpeg </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">version</span>
第 3 步。FFmpeg的基本用法。
现在 FFmpeg 已安装，让我们探索一些基本的使用场景，以帮助您开始操作多媒体文件：
- 转换视频格式：
FFmpeg 允许您毫不费力地将视频转换为不同的格式。使用以下命令转换视频文件：
<span class="pln">ffmpeg </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i input</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp4 output</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mkv</span>
- 从视频中提取音频：
如果要从视频文件中提取音轨，请使用以下命令：
<span class="pln">ffmpeg </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i input</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp4 </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">vn </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">acodec copy output</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp3</span>
- 修剪和拆分视频：
FFmpeg 使您能够轻松修剪和拆分视频文件。使用以下命令作为示例：
<span class="pln">ffmpeg </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i input</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp4 </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ss </span><span class="lit">00</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">00</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">10</span> <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">t </span><span class="lit">00</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">00</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">20</span> <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">v copy </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">a copy output</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp4 ffmpeg </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i input</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp4 </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">f segment </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">segment_time </span><span class="lit">10</span> <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c copy output</span><span class="pun">%</span><span class="pln">d</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp4</span>
- 为视频添加水印：
您可以使用 FFmpeg 在视频上叠加文本或图像水印。以下是一些示例：
<span class="pln">ffmpeg </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i input</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp4 </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">vf </span><span class="str">"drawtext=text='Your Watermark':fontsize=20:fontcolor=white:x=10:y=10"</span> <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">v libx264 </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">crf </span><span class="lit">18</span><span class="pln"> output</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp4 ffmpeg </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i input</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp4 </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i watermark</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">png </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">filter_complex </span><span class="str">"overlay=10:10"</span> <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">v libx264 </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">crf </span><span class="lit">18</span><span class="pln"> output</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">mp4 </span>
第 4 步。对 FFmpeg 进行故障排除。
安装和使用 FFmpeg 时，您可能会遇到一些常见问题。以下是一些故障排除提示，可帮助您解决这些问题：
- 常见安装问题：
- 未找到依赖项：仔细检查是否已安装本指南前面提到的所有必要依赖项。
- 编译错误：验证是否正确执行了编译步骤，以及是否具有所需的生成工具。
- 常见使用问题：
- 不支持的格式或编解码器：确保 FFmpeg 支持您正在使用的格式和编解码器。查看官方 FFmpeg 文档，了解支持的格式和编解码器的完整列表。
- 意外的输出质量或文件大小：尝试不同的命令选项和设置，以实现所需的输出质量或文件大小。
感谢您使用本教程在 Debian 11 书虫上安装最新版本的 FFmpeg。有关其他帮助或有用信息，我们建议您查看 FFmpeg 官方网站。
VPS Manage Service
