如何在 Debian 12 上安装 MariaDB

MariaDB 是一个强大且广泛使用的开源数据库管理系统。它提供高性能、可扩展性和高级功能，已成为开发人员和企业的热门选择。

在 Debian 12 书虫上安装 MariaDB

第 1 步。在我们安装任何软件之前，通过在终端中运行以下命令来确保您的系统是最新的非常重要：apt

<span class="pln">sudo apt update
sudo apt install apt</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">transport</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">https lsb</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">release ca</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">certificates</span>

此命令将刷新存储库，允许您安装最新版本的软件包。

第 2 步。在 Debian 12 上安装 MariaDB。

要安装 MariaDB 的最新稳定版本，我们将官方 MariaDB 存储库添加到我们的系统中：

<span class="pln">wget https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup</span>

使下载的文件可执行：

<span class="pln">chmod </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="pln">x mariadb_repo_setup</span>

运行安装文件：

<span class="pln">sudo </span><span class="pun">./</span><span class="pln">mariadb_repo_setup</span>

安装脚本将配置存储库并导入存储库密钥。

添加 MariaDB 存储库后，我们需要再次更新存储库并安装 MariaDB 服务器包，执行以下命令：

<span class="pln">sudo apt install mariadb</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">server</span>

在安装过程中，系统将提示您输入密码。选择一个强密码并确保其安全。

安装完成后，使用以下命令启动 MariaDB 服务：

<span class="pln">sudo systemctl start mariadb</span>

第 3 步。保护 MariaDB 安装。

为了改进默认安全设置，MariaDB 提供了一个安全脚本。运行脚本并按照提示操作以增强安装的安全性：

<span class="pln">sudo mysql_secure_installation</span>

像这样配置它：

<span class="pun">-</span> <span class="typ">Set</span><span class="pln"> root password</span><span class="pun">?</span> <span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">Y</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">n</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> y
</span><span class="pun">-</span> <span class="typ">Remove</span><span class="pln"> anonymous users</span><span class="pun">?</span> <span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">Y</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">n</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> y
</span><span class="pun">-</span> <span class="typ">Disallow</span><span class="pln"> root login remotely</span><span class="pun">?</span> <span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">Y</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">n</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> y
</span><span class="pun">-</span> <span class="typ">Remove</span><span class="pln"> test database </span><span class="kwd">and</span><span class="pln"> access to it</span><span class="pun">?</span> <span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">Y</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">n</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> y
</span><span class="pun">-</span> <span class="typ">Reload</span><span class="pln"> privilege tables now</span><span class="pun">?</span> <span class="pun">[</span><span class="pln">Y</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">n</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln"> y</span>

第 4 步。基本 MariaDB 配置。

现在 MariaDB 已安装，让我们执行一些基本的配置任务。要以 root 用户身份访问 MariaDB 命令行界面，请使用以下命令：

<span class="pln">sudo mysql </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">u root </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">p</span>

要创建新用户，请在 MariaDB shell 中执行以下命令：

<span class="pln">CREATE USER </span><span class="str">'your_username'</span><span class="pun">@</span><span class="str">'localhost'</span><span class="pln"> IDENTIFIED BY </span><span class="str">'your_password'</span><span class="pun">;</span>

接下来，我们将向新创建的用户授予必要的权限：

<span class="pln">GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON </span><span class="pun">*.*</span><span class="pln"> TO </span><span class="str">'your_username'</span><span class="pun">@</span><span class="str">'localhost'</span><span class="pln"> WITH GRANT OPTION</span><span class="pun">;</span>

第5步。其他注意事项。

要优化 MariaDB 安装并确保其稳定性和安全性，请考虑以下其他注意事项：