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如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 上安装元数据库

Linux命令 Edge插件网 2年前 (2023-03-10) 507次浏览 已收录 0个评论

Metabase 是一个开源的商业智能和分析平台，允许用户轻松创建和共享交互式仪表板和报告，它可以连接到各种数据源，拖放界面使非技术用户可以轻松创建图表、图形和报告，它还提供了广泛的自定义选项， 它具有内置的数据仓库功能，可以在Amazon Redshift和Google BigQuery等外部数据仓库解决方案的帮助下处理大数据。如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 上安装元数据库

在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish 上安装 Metabase

第 1 步。首先，通过在终端中运行以下命令，确保所有系统软件包都是最新的。apt

<span class="pln">sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade</span>

第 2 步。安装 Docker。

默认情况下，Docker 在 Ubuntu 22.04 基础存储库上不可用。现在运行以下命令将 Docker 存储库添加到系统中：

<span class="pln">echo </span><span class="str">"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"</span> <span class="pun">|</span><span class="pln"> sudo tee </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apt</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">sources</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">list</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">d</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">docker</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">list</span>

接下来，将 GPG 密钥导入您的系统：

<span class="pln">curl </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">fsSL https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg</span>

启用存储库后，现在使用以下命令安装最新版本的 Docker 包：

<span class="pln">sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ce docker</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ce</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">cli containerd</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">io docker</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">compose</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">plugin</span>

您可以验证 Docker 是否已安装以及当前版本：

<span class="pln">docker </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">v</span>

成功安装后，启用 Docker（在系统启动时自动启动）、启动并使用以下命令验证状态：

<span class="pln">sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl status docker</span>

默认情况下，Docker 需要根权限。如果要避免在每次运行命令时使用，请将用户名添加到组中：sudodockerdocker

<span class="pln">sudo usermod </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">aG docker $</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">whoami</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln">
su </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> $</span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">USER</span><span class="pun">}</span>

确认您的用户已添加到 Docker 组：

<span class="pln">groups</span>

有关安装和管理 Docker 的其他资源，请阅读下面的帖子：

  • 如何在 Ubuntu Linux √ 上安装 Docker。

第 3 步。为元数据库创建 Docker 撰写文件。

首先，为元数据库配置创建一个目录：

<span class="pln">mkdir metabase
cd metabase</span>

接下来，使用您喜欢的文本编辑器创建并打开 Docker 撰写文件：

<span class="pln">nano docker</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">compose</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">yml</span>

添加以下文件：

<span class="pln">version</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="str">'3.9'</span><span class="pln">
services</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
  metabase</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    image</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> metabase</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">metabase</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">latest
    container_name</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> metabase
    hostname</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> metabase
    volumes</span><span class="pun">:</span>
    <span class="pun">-</span> <span class="str">/dev/</span><span class="pln">urandom</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="str">/dev/</span><span class="pln">random</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">ro
    ports</span><span class="pun">:</span>
      <span class="pun">-</span> <span class="lit">3000</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">3000</span><span class="pln">
    environment</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
      MB_DB_TYPE</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> postgres
      MB_DB_DBNAME</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> metabase
      MB_DB_PORT</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="lit">5432</span><span class="pln">
      MB_DB_USER_FILE</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="str">/run/</span><span class="pln">secrets</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">db_user
      MB_DB_PASS_FILE</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="str">/run/</span><span class="pln">secrets</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">db_password
      MB_DB_HOST</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> postgres
    env_file</span><span class="pun">:</span>
      <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> metabase</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">env
    healthcheck</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
      test</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> curl </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">fail </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">I http</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//localhost:3000/api/health || exit 1</span><span class="pln">
      interval</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="lit">15s</span><span class="pln">
      retries</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="lit">5</span><span class="pln">
      start_period</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="lit">10s</span><span class="pln">
      timeout</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="lit">5s</span><span class="pln">
    networks</span><span class="pun">:</span>
      <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> metanet1
    depends_on</span><span class="pun">:</span>
      <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> postgres
    secrets</span><span class="pun">:</span>
      <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> db_password
      </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> db_user
  postgres</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    image</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> postgres</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">latest
    container_name</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> postgres
    hostname</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> postgres
    environment</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
      POSTGRES_USER_FILE</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="str">/run/</span><span class="pln">secrets</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">db_user
      POSTGRES_DB</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> metabase
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD_FILE</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="str">/run/</span><span class="pln">secrets</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">db_password
    healthcheck</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
      test</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="pun">[</span><span class="str">'CMD'</span><span class="pun">,</span> <span class="str">'pg_isready'</span><span class="pun">,</span> <span class="str">'-U'</span><span class="pun">,</span> <span class="str">'postgres'</span><span class="pun">]</span><span class="pln">
    volumes</span><span class="pun">:</span>
      <span class="pun">-</span> <span class="pun">./</span><span class="pln">postgresql</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="str">/var/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">postgresql</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">data
    networks</span><span class="pun">:</span>
      <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> metanet1
    secrets</span><span class="pun">:</span>
      <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> db_password
      </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> db_user
networks</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
  metanet1</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
    driver</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> bridge
secrets</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
   db_password</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
     file</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> db_password</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">txt
   db_user</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">
     file</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> db_user</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">txt</span>

保存并关闭文件。PostgreSQL 数据库用户名和密码分别存储在文件和文件中。db_user.txtdb_password.txt

然后我们创建并打开文件进行编辑：db_user.txt

<span class="pln">nano db_user</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">txt</span>

接下来，创建并打开文件进行编辑：db_password.txt

<span class="pln">nano db_password</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">txt</span>

第 4 步。配置环境文件元数据库。

首先，我们使用以下命令生成一个加密密钥：

<span class="pln">openssl rand </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">base64 </span><span class="lit">32</span>

接下来，创建并打开文件进行编辑：metabase.env

<span class="pln">nano metabase</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">env</span>

向其添加以下代码。粘贴针对变量生成的密钥。填写元数据库域，包括 HTTPS 协议。使用您使用的任何提供商填写您的 SMTP 详细信息。我们正在使用 Amazon SES。变量设置为强，这意味着您的元数据库密码：MB_ENCRYPTION_SECRET_KEYMB_PASSWORD_COMPLEXITY

<span class="pln">MB_SITE_URL</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//your-domain.com</span><span class="pln">
MB_SITE_NAME</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">"Howtoforge"</span><span class="pln">

MB_ADMIN_EMAIL</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">meilana@your</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">domain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com
MB_EMAIL_FROM_ADDRESS</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">admin@your</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">domain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com
MB_EMAIL_FROM_NAME</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">idroot
MB_EMAIL_SMTP_HOST</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">email</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">smtp</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">us</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">west</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">2.amazonaws</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com
MB_EMAIL_SMTP_USERNAME</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">AWS_USERID
MB_EMAIL_SMTP_PASSWORD</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">AWS_KEY
MB_EMAIL_SMTP_PORT</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">587</span><span class="pln">
MB_EMAIL_SMTP_SECURITY</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">starttls

MB_ENCRYPTION_SECRET_KEY</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="typ">QWPbmwNvWYVqR5Ne46dk0OvTH1xWGDt</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">
MB_ANON_TRACKING_ENABLED</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="kwd">false</span><span class="pln">
MB_APPLICATION_NAME</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="typ">Howtoforge</span> <span class="typ">Metabase</span><span class="pln">
MB_PASSWORD_COMPLEXITY</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">strong</span>

完成所有配置文件后，就可以启动和启动容器了：

<span class="pln">docker compose up </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">d</span>

您可以使用以下命令观察容器的状态：

<span class="pln">watch docker ps</span>

第5步。安装 Nginx

默认情况下，Nginx 在 Ubuntu 22.04 基本存储库上可用。现在运行以下命令，将最新版本的 Nginx 安装到您的 Ubuntu 系统中：

<span class="pln">sudo apt install nginx</span>

成功安装后，启用 Nginx（在系统启动时自动启动）、启动并使用以下命令验证状态：

<span class="pln">sudo systemctl enable nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl status nginx</span>

确认安装并检查已安装的 Nginx 构建版本：

<span class="pln">nginx </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">v</span>

现在创建虚拟主机并打开文件：/etc/nginx/conf.d/metabase.conf

<span class="pln">nano </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">nginx</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">conf</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">d</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">metabase</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>

添加以下文件：

<span class="pln">server </span><span class="pun">{</span>
  <span class="com"># Redirect any http requests to https</span><span class="pln">
  listen         </span><span class="lit">80</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  listen         </span><span class="pun">[::]:</span><span class="lit">80</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  server_name    your</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">domain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">;</span>
  <span class="kwd">return</span> <span class="lit">301</span><span class="pln">     https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//$host$request_uri;</span>
<span class="pun">}</span><span class="pln">

server </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
  listen                    </span><span class="lit">443</span><span class="pln"> ssl http2</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  listen                    </span><span class="pun">[::]:</span><span class="lit">443</span><span class="pln"> ssl http2</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  server_name               your</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">domain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

  access_log                </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">log</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">nginx</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">metabase</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">access</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">log</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
  error_log                 </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">log</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">nginx</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">metabase</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">error</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">log</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">

  location </span><span class="pun">/</span> <span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">
    proxy_set_header        X</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Real</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">IP $remote_addr</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
    proxy_set_header        X</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Forwarded</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Proto</span><span class="pln"> $scheme</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
    proxy_set_header	    X</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Forwarded</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Host</span><span class="pln"> $http_host</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
    proxy_set_header        X</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Forwarded</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">For</span><span class="pln"> $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="pln">
    proxy_pass              http</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//127.0.0.1:3000;</span>
  <span class="pun">}</span>
<span class="pun">}</span>

保存并关闭文件，然后使用以下命令重新启动 Nginx 服务：

<span class="pln">nginx </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">t
sudo systemctl restart nginx</span>

有关安装 Nginx 的其他资源，请阅读下面的帖子：

  • 如何在 Ubuntu Linux √ 上安装 Nginx

第 6 步。使用“让我们加密 SSL”保护元数据库。

首先，使用以下命令安装 Certbot 客户端：

<span class="pln">sudo apt install certbot python3</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">certbot</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">nginx</span>

接下来，按照以下步骤使用Let’s Encrypt获取SSL证书：

<span class="pln">certbot </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">apache </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">d your</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">domain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span>

让我们加密证书的有效期为 90 天，强烈建议在证书过期之前续订证书。您可以通过运行以下命令来测试证书的自动续订：

<span class="pln">sudo certbot renew </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">dry</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">run</span>

步骤 7.配置防火墙。

Ubuntu 22.04 默认运行防火墙。启用通过端口 HTTP 和 HTTPS 的连接：ufw80443

<span class="pln">sudo ufw allow </span><span class="str">'Nginx FULL'</span><span class="pln">
sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw status</span>

第8步。访问元数据库 Web 界面。

成功安装后，打开您的 Web 浏览器并使用 URL 访问元数据库 Web UI。您将被重定向到以下页面：https://your-domain.com

如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 上安装元数据库

感谢您使用本教程在 Ubuntu 系统上使用 Docker Compose 安装元数据库。有关其他帮助或有用信息，我们建议您查看元数据库官方网站。

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