Varnish是一个开源的高性能HTTP加速器，用于提高Web应用程序的性能和可扩展性。它是一个反向代理，位于 Web 服务器前面并缓存静态内容，例如 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 文件。通过缓存此内容，Varnish 减少了 Web 服务器的工作量，并加快了向用户交付内容的速度。Varnish提供了许多功能，例如私有CDN，Gzip压缩和解压缩，HTTP流传递和获取等。
在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish 上安装 Varnish
第 1 步。第一步是将系统更新到最新版本的软件包列表。为此，请运行以下命令：
<span class="pln">sudo apt update sudo apt install debian</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">archive</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">keyring curl gnupg apt</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">transport</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">https</span>
第 2 步。安装阿帕奇。
默认情况下，Apache 在 Ubuntu 基础存储库中可用。现在运行以下命令，将最新的 Apache 稳定版安装到您的系统中：
<span class="pln">sudo apt install apache2</span>
默认情况下，在 Apache 安装成功完成后，该服务应已启动并运行。可以肯定的是，我们需要重新开始它：
<span class="pln">sudo systemctl enable apache2 sudo systemctl start apache2</span>
默认情况下，Apache 服务在端口 80 上运行。我们需要更改它，因为我们稍后可以将 Varnish 缓存配置为与 Apache Web 服务器一起使用：
<span class="pln">nano </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache2</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ports</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>
找到以下行：
<span class="typ">Listen</span> <span class="lit">80</span>
并且，将其替换为以下行：
<span class="typ">Listen</span> <span class="lit">8080</span>
保存并关闭文件，然后编辑 Apache 默认虚拟主机配置文件：
<span class="pln">nano </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache2</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">sites</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">available</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">000</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">default</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>
找到以下行：
<span class="tag"><VirtualHost</span><span class="pln"> *:80</span><span class="tag">></span>
并将其替换为以下行：
<span class="tag"><VirtualHost</span><span class="pln"> *:8080</span><span class="tag">></span>
保存并关闭文件，然后重新启动 Apache 服务以应用更改：
<span class="pln">systemctl restart apache2</span>
有关安装和管理 Apache 的其他资源，请阅读下面的帖子：
- 如何在 Ubuntu Linux 上安装 Apache√
第 3 步。在 Ubuntu 22.04 上安装 Varnish。
默认情况下，Varnish 在 Ubuntu 22.04 基本存储库中可用。现在运行以下命令，将最新版本的 Varnish 缓存安装到 Ubuntu 系统：
<span class="pln">sudo apt install varnish</span>
之后，启动服务并使其在系统启动时运行：
<span class="pln">sudo systemctl enable varnish sudo systemctl start varnish</span>
接下来，您需要将其配置为与您的 Web 服务器配合使用。为此，请打开 Varnish 配置文件 （） 并输入以下行：/etc/varnish/default.vcl
<span class="pln">nano </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">varnish</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">default</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">vcl</span>
根据后端服务器更改以下行：
<span class="pln">backend </span><span class="kwd">default</span> <span class="pun">{</span>
<span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">host </span><span class="pun">=</span> <span class="str">"127.0.0.1"</span><span class="pun">;</span>
<span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">port </span><span class="pun">=</span> <span class="str">"8080"</span><span class="pun">;</span>
<span class="pun">}</span>
第 4 步。测试清漆。
要测试 Varnish 是否正常工作，您可以使用 curl 命令向 Web 服务器发送请求。如果 Varnish 工作正常，则响应应来自 Varnish 缓存。您可以通过输入以下命令来测试这一点：
<span class="pln">curl </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">I http</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//localhost</span>
输出：
<span class="pln">HTTP</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">1.1</span> <span class="lit">200</span><span class="pln"> OK </span><span class="typ">Date</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="typ">Tue</span><span class="pun">,</span> <span class="lit">16</span> <span class="typ">Jan</span> <span class="lit">2023</span> <span class="lit">14</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">18</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">34</span><span class="pln"> GMT </span><span class="typ">Server</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="typ">Apache</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">2.4</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">52</span> <span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">Ubuntu</span><span class="pun">)</span> <span class="typ">Last</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Modified</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="typ">Tue</span><span class="pun">,</span> <span class="lit">16</span> <span class="typ">Jan</span> <span class="lit">2023</span> <span class="lit">14</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">12</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">15</span><span class="pln"> GMT </span><span class="typ">Vary</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="typ">Accept</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Encoding</span> <span class="typ">Content</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Type</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> text</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">html X</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Varnish</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="lit">2</span> <span class="typ">Age</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="lit">0</span> <span class="typ">Via</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="lit">1.1</span><span class="pln"> varnish </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">Varnish</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">7.0</span><span class="pun">)</span> <span class="typ">ETag</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> W</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="str">"29af-g0detz6b9e071-gzip"</span> <span class="typ">Accept</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Ranges</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> bytes </span><span class="typ">Content</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="typ">Length</span><span class="pun">:</span> <span class="lit">10671</span> <span class="typ">Connection</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> keep</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">alive</span>
感谢您使用本教程在 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish 系统上安装 Varnish with Apache。如需其他帮助或有用信息，我们建议您查看 Varnish 网站。
